Depression

Depression is a common and serious mental health disorder that affects millions of people around the world. It is a mood disorder that is characterized by feelings of sadness, loss, and emptiness that can interfere with a person’s ability to function in their daily life.

To be diagnosed with depression, a person must have experienced at least five of the following symptoms for at least two weeks:

• Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable
• Significant weight loss or weight gain, or a change in appetite
• Insomnia or excessive sleeping
• Agitation or slowing of movement
• Fatigue or loss of energy
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
• Difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
• Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide

Depression can often occur alongside other mental health disorders, such as anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse disorders.

The exact causes of depression are not fully understood, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. People with a family history of depression may be more likely to develop the disorder, and certain life events, such as the death of a loved one or financial problems, can also increase the risk.

The prevalence of depression varies depending on the population being studied, but it is estimated that about 10% of adults in the United States experience depression in any given year. Women are more likely to experience depression than men, and the disorder is more common among people who have chronic medical conditions or disabilities.

The prognosis for people with depression varies, but with proper treatment, most people are able to improve their symptoms and live fulfilling lives. Treatment for depression typically includes a combination of medication and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy. Support from friends and family can also be an important part of the recovery process.